Lumbini

Introuduction :
Lumbini is situated at the South Western Terai of Nepal, evokes a kind of holy sentiment to the millions of Buddhists all over the world.Lumbini,the birth place of Lord Buddha - the apostle of peace and the light of Asia was born in 623 B. C. Lumbini and its surrounding area is endowed with a rich natural setting of domesticable fauna and favourable agricultural environ. Historically, the region is an exquisite treasure - trove of ancient ruins and antiquities, dating back to pre-christian era.

For centuries, Buddhists- all over the world, knew that Lumbini where the Lord was born is somewhere around. The descriptions of famous Chinese pilgrims (of ancient times) Huian Tsang and Faeihan indicated to this area- saying 'Lumbini - where the lord was born is a piece of heaven on earth and one could see the snowy mountains amidst a splendid garden - embedded with stupas and monasteries.

Places To See :

The Ashokan Pillar
Discovered by the now famous German archaeologist Dr. Fuhrer, the pillar is the first epigraphic evidence relating to the life history of Lord Buddha and is also the most visible land mark of the garden. The historic importance of the pillar is evidenced by the inscription engraved in the pillar (in Brahmi script). It is said that the great Indian Emperor Ashok visited the site in the twentieth year of his ascendancy to the throne and as a homage to the birthplace erected the pillar. The inscriptions in the pillar roughly translates as: "King Piyadesi beloved of the Gods, having been anointed 20 years, came himself and worshipped saying "Here Buddha Sakyamuni was born" And he caused to make a stone (capital) representing a horse; and he caused (this) stone pillar to be erected. Because here the worshipful one was born in the village of Lumbini has been made free of taxes and recipient of wealth"

Image of Maya Devi
In addition to the Ashokan Pillar, the other shrine of importance is the bas-relief image of Maya Devi.Enshrined in a small pagoda-like structure, the image shows Maya - Devi, mother of the Lord. Supporting herself by holding on with her right hand to a branch of Sal tree, with newly born infant Buddha standing upright on a lotus pedestal on an oval halo. Two other celestial figures are depicted in an act of pouring water and lotuses bestowed from heaven.

Earlier the image was placed in the famous white temple of Mayadevi beside the pillar - now totally dismantled to make way for the excavations - which revealed the Sactum Sanctorum the exact spot where the Lord was born.

Puskarni - the sacred pool
South of the Ashokan Pillar, there is the famous sacred pool 'Puskarni' believed to be the same sacred pool in which Maya Devi took a holy dip just before giving birth to the Lord and also where infant Buddha was given his first purification bath. Architecturally the pool has there projecting terraces in descrending order and is revetted with a fine brick masonary.

Sanctum - Sanctorum of the Birthplace
The single most important place of the Lumbini (and to the entire Buddhist world for that matter) is the stoneslab-located deep in the Sanctum sanctorum. Revealed after a hard and meticulous excavations under the three layers of ruins over the site of a famous Maya Devi temple, the stoneslab foundation pinpoints the location of the original place-marking the exact spot of the birthplace of Lord Buddha..

The Buddhist Temple
The monastery of the Buddhist temple-is built inside the surrounding complex of Lumbini in the manner of modern Buddhist shrines in Nepal. The prayer hall contains a large image of Buddha. Medieval style murals decorate the walls.

Places around Lumbini :

Kapilvastu
Located some 27 km. west of Lumbini lies the ruins of historic town of 'Kapilvastu'. Believed to be the capital of Sakya republic where the Lord lived and enjoyed his life until his thirtieth year, Kapilvastu has been identified with Tilaurakot by the archaeologists. Also, the place is believed to have been associated with different important episodes: There are ruins and mounds of old stupas and monasteries made of kiln-burnt bricks and clay-mortar. The remains are surrounded by a moat and the wall of the city are made of bricks. In fact, the city of Kapilvastu are in such a grand scale that it could be easily be visualised as a seat of high culture.

Aroarakot
About 10 km northwest of Taulihawa there is a rectangular fortified area which is popularly known as Arourakot. The fortified area is identified by the famous Indian archaeologist P.C. Mukharji as the natal town of Kanakmuni Buddha. Remains of ancient moat and brick fortification around the Kot can still be clearly located. A brick lined will is seen to the south and an elevated mound towards the northwest corner.

Chatradei
About 5 km. north of Taulihawa, there is a village called Chatradei situated on the right bank of the Banganga River. West of the village, the habitational ruins extend in the form of a large triangular mount. Most of the pottery and antiquities found here belong to Sunga-Kushana period. While remains of the structures may related to early medieval times.

Gotihawa
About 5km. southwest of Taulihawa, there is a village called Gotihawa. In the village there is an Ashokan Pillar standing in a slab. The upper portion of the pillar is broken and lost and only the lower portion of the pillar 3.5m. high is still intact. Adjoining the pillar towards its northeast there is a huge stupa with successive ring of wedge shaped Mauryan bricks.

Kudan
About 2 km. southwest of Taulihawa, on the left side of the Shoratgarh Taulihawa road stands the village Kudan having a huge structural ruin with a cluster of four mounds and a tank. The mounds were excavated in 1962.

Niglihawa
About 8 km, northwest of Taulihawa, there is another site of archaeological importance. The site has auadrangular tank surrounded by bushes, locally known as Niglisagar. On the western bank of the tank there are two broken pieces of the Ashokan pillar, the longer one laying flat and the shorter ones satuck into the ground. The pillar bears 2 peacocks on the top part and a Devanagari script inscription reading Om Mani Padme Hun Ripu Mallasya Chiran Jayut 1234.'

The shorter portion of the pillar which is partly buried in the ground measures 1.52m in length bears four lines of Ashokan inscription in the Brahmi script which roughly translates as: "King Piyadasi beloved of the gods, after 14 years of his coronation enlarged for the second time the stupa of Buddha Kanaka Muni, and after 20 years of his coronation he came himself and worshipped (and) he caused (this) stone pillar to be erected."

Sagarhawa
About 12 km. north of Taulihawa, there is a forest area called Sagarhawa. In the midst of the forest there is a huge rectangular tank which is popularly known as Lumbusagar, or a long tank. The ancient tanks ruins which were excavated and indentified by Dr. Alois A Fuhrer as the 'Palace of massacre of the Shakyas' in 1895 can still be located on the west south banks of the Sagar.

Travel Information :

The nearest town to reach Lumbini is Bhairahawa which is connected with Kathmandu & Pokhara by air and road. Bhairahawa and Lumbini are connected with an all weather road and regular bus service is available.